Visual Dysfunction in Schools
The visual system processes and interprets visual stimuli in the environment. It is responsible for what you see and how you react to it. Visual processing is important for depth perception, reading and writing, finding objects in your environment, reacting to bright and dark environments, and locating other noxious or pleasurable senses in your environment. Dysfunction of the visual system can present itself in many different ways in the school environment:
A child with visual craving may present as: Loves to look at bright lights, Flicks light switches, Moves objects in front of eyes, Constantly looks around room at every enter/exit
A child with visual underresponsivity may present as: Has difficulties with handwriting, Shows poor hand-eye coordination during gym games, Misses words or lines when copying from a board, Shows poor attention to details, Unable to find materials in a crowded space
A child with visual overresponsivity may present as: Squints or covers eyes in bright lights, Has poor eye contact, especially with taller individuals, Can’t find items on a desk or in a drawer, Frequently looks out window or door at small noises, Prefers lights off/dark environments
Visual Classroom Strategies
Here are just some strategies to address visual differences in the classroom environment. It is not an extensive list of all things you can try, but a good start of strategies that can be incorporated into already established routines!
· Cover extraneous worksheet items with blank paper
· Chunk work
· Highlight directions and important words
· Use a slant board for writing and reading work
· Dim lights
· Use colored glue sticks
· Move desk from underneath lights
· Use flashlight or pointer to direct gaze on board or around room
· Highlight important information when reading
· Write in different colors
· Use study carols
· High contrast worksheets or models
Visual School Strategies
Here are some strategies to address visual differences in the school environment. Remember, for best chance at carryover and to make the activities functional for the child, incorporate sensory strategies into already established routines and activities.
· Sunglasses for outdoor activities
· Sit or play in areas not under direct light
· Cover fluorescent lights
· Use room dividers
· Cut down on visual clutter on hallway and classroom walls
· Use points and gestures to direct gaze and visual attention
Emily is a pediatric occupational therapist providing community and home-based OT services in the Greater Philadelphia area, PA. She is a mentor for School-Based Occupational Therapists, offering one-one-one sessions to grow in confidence and skills. Emily Marie OT LLC strives to empower all to achieve their full potential.